CANADA–Ontario

ONTARIO IS:    VA– 5      @Ontaro

  • WHITE= Riesling 20%, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Kerner, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Vidal, Viognier
  • RED= Cabernet Franc 15%, Baco Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Frontenac, Gamay, Malbec, Merlot, Marechal Foch, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Zweigelt

GEOGRAPHY– Canada(East), LATITUDE: 51.2* ‘N’

  • Most of Ontario’s Vineyards Are at Lower Latitudes and Close Proximity to Lakes and Rivers

TOPOGRAPHY– On~Erie/ Ontaria Lakes, On~Niagara~River~

  • SUB-ZONES– Flat Area The Bench
  • TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE: Niagara Escarpment and Ontario Lake
  • Niagara Escarpment A 650 Mile Long Limestone Ridge That Runs From Upstate New York Through the Great Lakes Region
  • The Niagara Ecarpment Contains the Lake Effect, Between the Two There’s a Constant Reserculating of the Warmer Air In the Winter and the Cooler Air In the Summer

CLIMATE= “Continental”, LAKE EFFECT/ Moderated by Surrounding Lakes

  • Summers– Warm, Humid   |   Winters– Cold, Snow

VINICULTURE– CHALLAGE– Fungal Diseases, Frost, Snow

NIAGARA PENINSULA VA.     @Niagara-On-the-Lake

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY– Canada, Ontario, South of Toronto-City(    km.)
  • TOPOGRAPHY– “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Ontario~(South)
  • VITICULTURE–      ha.
  • VINICULTURE– Ice Wine- WHITE= Vidal Blanc, Must Be 100% From VQA.
    • –Estate/ Producers– Pearl Morissette(Nat.Pro.), Ravine, Trius, Wayne Gretzky
  • Lincoln Lakeshores–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(West), On Lake Ontario
  • Creek Shores–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(West), On Lake Ontario
  • Beamsville Bench–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(West), On Niagara Escarpment(West)
    • –Estates/ Producers– Fielding, Mike Weir, Organized Crime, Thirty Bench
    • –Vineyards– Steel Post(1.6ha.)
  • Twenty Mile Bench–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(West), On Niagara Escarpment(Central)
  • Short Hills Bench–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(West), On Niagara Escarpment(East)
  • Vinemount Ridge–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(West), Interior Area Behind Escarpment
  • Niagara Lakeshore–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(East), On Lake Ontario
  • Four Mile Creek–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(East)
  • St. David’s Bench–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(East)
    • –Estate/ Producers– Ravine
  • Niagara River–
    • Geography– Niagara Peninsula(East)
  • SOILS= “Sedimentary”, Limestone, Clay
  • CLIMATE= LAKE EFFECT/
    • –Estate/ Producers– Inniskillin, Jackson-Triggs, Lailey, Konzelmann, Peller, Reif, Reimer, Riverview, Strewn
    • FESTIVAL– –Niagara Icewine Festival–

LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE VA.     @

  • WHITE= Riesling, Vidal
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Merlot
  • GEOGRAPHY– Canada, Ontario(South)
  • TOPOGRAPHY– “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Erie~
  • SOILS= “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Glacial Deposits, Sandy Loam, Clay
  • CLIMATE= LAKE EFFECT/ Lake Erie
  • VITICULTURE–   ha.
    • –Estate/ Producers– Johnson Estate, Woodbury, Liberty Vineyards, Merritt Estate

PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY VA.     @Ontario

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling, Vidal
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Chambourcin, Frontenac Noir, Marechal, Pinot Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY– Canada, Ontario, On Lake Ontario(South-West)
  • TOPOGRAPHY– “Flat/ Rolling”
  • SOILS= “Sedimentary”, Limestone, Gravel, Sandy Loam
  • CLIMATE= LAKE EFFECT/ Lake Erie
  • VITICULTURE–   ha.
  • VINICULTURE– Ice Wine- WHITE= Vidal Blanc
    • –Estate/ Producers– Casa-Dea, Black Prince, Del-Gatto, Keint-He, Norman Hardie

PELEE VA.     @Ontario

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Vidal
  • RED= Baco Noir, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Zweigelt
  • GEOGRAPHY– Canada, Ontario
  • TOPOGRAPHY– “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Erie~
  • SOILS= “Sedimentary”, Limestone, Clay
  • CLIMATE= LAKE EFFECT/ Lake Erie
  • VITICULTURE–   ha.
  • VINICULTURE– Ice Wine– WHITE= Vidal Blanc
    • –Estate/ Producers– Pelee Island Winery

NOVA SCOTIA     @Halfax

ANNAPOLIS & GASPEREAU VA.     @Windsor

  • WHITE= L’Acadie Blanc, Seyval Blanc, Vidal, Muscat, Ortega, Riesling
  • RED=
  • GEOGRAPHY– Canada, In Nova Scotia(North), On~ ~Bay~
    • BETWEEN 2 Mountain Ranges
  • TOPOGRAPHY– “Flat/ Rolling”
  • VITICULTURE–   ha.
  • VINICULTURE– Ice Wine- WHITE= Ortega
    • –Estate/ Producers– Domaine Grand Pre, L’Acadie Vineyards, Gaspereau

**Refer to ‘BIBLIOGRAPHY/ SOURCES” For Details On Scholarly Works Referenced