USA.-Atlantic North-East

ATLANTIC NORTH-EAST–    States- 8

  • WHITE=   |   RED=  Too Many to List…
    • **Refer to “STATES” For Detailed Grape Information.
  • VITICULTURE- Vinifera,  Native(Labrusca, Riparia),  Hybrids

GEOGRAPHY– USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East

  • BORDER-Canada(North), Central United States(West), Atlantic South(South)
  • STATES-(8)-Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont

TOPOGRAPHY– FEATURES– “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”, On~Atlantic~Ocean~(East)

  • TOPOGRAPHIC EVENTS-
    • Glaciation/ Episode- Glaciers Radically Altered the Topography of Atlantic North-West United States.

SOILS– “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”

  • Limestone, Glacial Deposit-Moraine, Silt, Loam, Shale, Schist, Sandstone
  • North American Ice Sheet- Mass of Glaciers and Ice That Stretched Across Canada and the North-East United States.
    • Most of the Glacial Activity Took Place In the Pleistocene Epoch, Which is Relatively Resent.
    • Glacial Had Direct and Indirect Influences On Wine Regions Today.
    • The Ice Sheet and Glaciers Redefined Modern Topography as it Advanced Like Giant Bull Dozers as it Progressed.  As the Ice Sheet and Glaciers Regressed Massive Amounts of Melt Water, Some as Substantial as a River Leaving Different Soils and Debris. Often Times This Advance/ Regress Alternated and Repeated This Process Many Times.
  • Glacial Moraine- Glacially Formed Accumulation of Unconsolidated Debris That Was Transported and Deposited When the  Glaciers Regresses.
    • Unconsolidated Debris- Boulders, Clay, Cobble, Gravel, Pebble, Sand
  • Great Lakes- Carved by the Actions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.

CLIMATE– “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence

  • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |   *Winter– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • Lake Effect- Refers to stabilizing Temperature Influences Created by Large Lakes. Weather Change is Triggered by a Lake That Causes Temperature Changes In a Wine Growing Areas. During Winter the Lake Effect Keeps Temperature Warmer and In Summer the Proximity to the Lake Keeps Temperatures Slightly Cooler. Mosts Vineyards Grown Within 25 Miles of Large Lake.

VITICULTURE– 

  • GEOGRAPHIC DISCLAIMER~ “To Understand the Wine World and Follow DtheV.com an Comprehension of the Atlantic North-East United States Geography is Needed and the Ability to Visualize Its Topography.  Chapters Are Organized In a North to South / East to West Flow and Intended to Be Researched  as So.”

NEW YORK State     @New York

  • WHITE= Riesling 3%, Chardonnay 3%, Albariño, Chenin Blanc, Fruilano, Gewurtztraminer, Grüner Veltliner, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Refosco, Sauvignon Blanc
    • –Native–
    • –Hybrids– Aurore, Bianco, Elvira, Cayuga, Chardonnel, Dutchess, Elvira, Seyval Blanc, Traminette, Verdelet, Vidal Blanc, Vignoles
  • RED= Merlot 3%, Blaufrankisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Legrein, Lemburger, Petite Verdot, Pinot Noir, Rkataseli, Saperavi, Sereksiya Charni, Syrah, Teroldego, Zweigelt
    • –Native– Concord 60%, Niagara 9%, Catawba
    • –Hybrids– Baco Noir, Chancellor, Chambourcin, DeChanac, Marechal Foch, Frontenac, Iona, Leon Millot, Noiret, Rougean
  • GEOGRAPHY– USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York, LATITUDE: 40.71° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA’s- Cayuga Lake AVA., Champlain Valley AVA., Hamptons of Long Island AVA., Hudson River AVA., Finger Lakes AVA., Lake Erie AVA., Long Island AVA., Niagara Escarpment AVA., North Fork of Long Island AVA., Seneca Lake AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY– “Flat/ Rolling”
    • TOPOGRAPHICAL EVENTS- Much of the Terrain of New York Was Caused by Glaciers Advancing From the North Cutting Its Was Through the Land and Leaving Moraine Deposits of Clay, Silt.
    • “Northern Margin” Which is a Raised Land Mass South of Lake Ontario.  This Margin Shields New York From a Small Percentage of Harsh Weather.
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”
    • Limestone, Glacial Deposit-Moraine, Silt, Loam, Shale, Schist, Sandstone
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence
    • *Summers– Warm Days, Cool Nights, Wet   |    *Winters– Cold, Snow
    • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |   *Winter– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • VITICULTURE- #3 Producer/ USA.
    • CHALLENGES– Rain at Harvest, Frost, Snow
    • Native Vines– PossessNatural Resistance to Disease and Cold and Have Made Possible to Grow Grapes In the Atlantic Northwest and Canada.
  • VINICULTURE– Numbers of Wineries- 411 (384 Bonded/ 27 Virtual) “As of 2020”, #4 State/ USA.
    • Estates/ Producers-(Not Located In Demarcated AVA.)– Anirondack, Black Willow, Element, Torrey Ridge
  • CULTURE–
    • PIONEERS~ ~Dr. Frank Konstantin~
      •  Grafted Old World Cold Climate Vitis Vinifera Varietal to New World Vitis Rootstock. This Allowed the Production of Quality Grapes to be Grown On Cold Climates.
    • ECONOMY~ A Portion of Grapes Produced For Eating/ Jelly.
    • FESTIVALS~~New York Drinks New York~ (March/ New York City)
      • ~Saperavi Festival~ (May/ Keuka Lake, Finger Lakes)
      • ~United States Trade Tasting~ (May/ New York City)
      • ~International Volcanic Wine Festival~ (June/ New York City)
        • Misssion-Primary Purpose is to Establish a Volcanic Wine Movement and Provide Opportunities For Volcanic Wine Producers Around the World.
      • ~New York Wine Experience~ (October/ New York City)
      • ~Raw Wine Fair~ (November/ New York City)
      • ~Pinknic~ (September/ New York City/ Governors Island) Rose Wine Party
    • ACADEMICS~  
      • ~Cornell University~     @Geneva, New York
        • Specialization~ Viticulture and Enology Degree Programs
      • ~Finger Lakes Community College~     @Finger Lakes, New York
        • Specialization~ Viticulture & Enology Degree Program
      • ~New York State Agricultural Experiment Center~   @Geneva, New York

LAKE ERIE AVA.      @Fredonia

  • WHITE= Diamond(Indigenous), Pinot Gri, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Chambourcin, Concord, Noiret, Seyval Blanc, Traminette, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvigon, Delaware(Indigenous), Ives(Indigenous), Merlot
    • –Hybrid– Concord, Marechal Foch, Niagara
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(West), @Hw.#5/ #60
    • (AVA. Laps)Pennsylvania(North-West), (AVA. Laps)Ohio(North-East), LATITUDE: 42.44° ‘N’
      • **Refer to “THESE STATES” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Erie~(South), PLATEAU/ Allegheny
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, Gravel, Shale
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, LAKE EFFECT/ Lake Erie
    • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |   *Winters– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • VITICULTURE- 18,684 ac. Planted
  • VINICULTURE- Ice Wine,  Juice,  Eating Grapes
    • Estates/ Producers- 22 Brix, Johnson Estate, Liberty, Mazza Chautauqua, Merritt, Noble, Ten Thousand Wines, Vetter, Willow Creek, Woodbury
  • CULTURE- Lake Erie is Also Known as Chautauqu.
    • ECONOMICS~ Welch’s Food is Located Here and Produces Jelly From Grapes.

NIAGARA ESCARPMENT AVA.     @Lockport, Niagara Falls

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling
  • RED= Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir
    • –Hybrid– Concord, Niagara
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(North-West), @Hw.#18/ #78
    • BORDERS-Canada(Continuation of Ontario’s Niagara Peninsula), LATITUDE: 43.09° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones- Huron Plains(South)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Ontario~(South), On~Niagara~River~
    • SLOPES/ Niagara Escarpment, +Alt. ?
    • Niagara Escarpment- 650 Mile Long Limestone Ridge From the Jurassic Period That Runs/ Arcs  From the Great Lakes Region (West of Lake Michigan) Up Into Canada and Back Down Into New York South of Lake Ontario.
      • Escarpment is Composed of the Lockport Formation of Silurian Age.
      • The Niagara Escarpment Contains the Lake Effect, Between the Two There’s a Constant Recirculating of the Warmer Air In the Winter and the Cooler Air In the Summer.
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence,
    •  LAKE EFFECT/ Lake Ontario, +Humidity
    • CHALLENGES–  *Summers– Disease, Mold   |   *Winters– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Dolomitic, Limestone, Glacial Moraine
  • VITICULTURE-  18,000 ac./ 883 ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Arrowhead Spring, Eveningside, Freedom Run, Leonard Oakes, Marjim Manor, Midnight Run, Niagara Landing, Schulze, Victorianbourg, Vizcarra, Warm Lake
  • CULTURE- History of Apple, Cherry and Pear Production.
  • GOING THERE- WINE TRAILS– ~Niagara Wine Trail~

FINGER LAKES AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Rkatsiteli
    • –Hybrids– Aurora, Bianca, Cayuga, Chardonnel, Seyval Blanc, Traminette, Verdelet, Vidal Blanc, Vignoles
  • RED= Blaufrandkisch AKA=Lemberger, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Lagrein, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Rkataseli, Saperavi, Sereksiya Charni, Syrah, Teroldego, Zweigelt
    • –Native– Catawba, Concord, Niagara
    • –Hybrids– Baco Noir, Chambourcin, DeChaunac, Marechal Foch, Iona, Leon Millot, Rougeon
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(East), “Multi-Appellation”, LATITUDE: 42.72° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s-(11 Long, Narrow Lakes)– Canandaigua Lake, Cayuga Lake, Conesus Lake, Hemlock Lake, Honeye Lake, Keuka Lake, Otisco Lake, Owasca Lake, Seneca Lake, Skaneateles Lake
  • TOPOGRAPHY- Features- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”, Series of 11 Long/ Narrow Lakes
    • Topographic Events– Form From 2 Million Years Ago to 20,000 Years Ago by Glaciers Carved Out Land and River Valleys That Where Left Behind.   The “Ice-Age” Was Actually a Series of Glaciers/ Ice Sheets(2 Miles Thick) That Advanced and Retreated Over Time.
      • Drumlins- Moraines and Streamlined Elongated Hills
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Glacial Moraine
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, +Humidity, LAKE EFFECT/ Finger Lakes
    • CHALLENGES– *Summers– Disease, Mold   |   *Winters– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • VITICULTURE-  9,300 ac. Planted
    • CHALLENGES– Rain at Harvest, Frost, Snow
    • Second Oldest Pinot Noir Vineyard In USA.(Dr. Konstantin Frank)
    • Finger Lakes Started Grafting Vitis Vinifera to Hardy Root-Stock In the 1960’s.
  • VINICULTURE-
    • Estates/ Producers-(Not Found Within Demarcated Sub-Zone)– Americana, Bagleys, Bellangelo, Damiani, Fulkerson, Gatto Rosa, Gold Seal, Hillick & Hobbs, Pleasant Valley(9ac.)(1st. Bonded Winery In America), Ravines, Stony Lonesome, Three Brothers
    • Vineyards-(Not Found Within Demarcated Sub-Zone)– Argetsinger, Gibson, Humphrey’s, Josef, Keuka Lake, Knoll Lahoma, Red Oak, Round Rock, Sawmill Creek, Tango Oaks, White Springs, Yellow Dog
      • ICE WINE
    • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling, Seyvall Blanc, Vidal Blanc
    • RED= Cabernet Franc
      • Thick Skinned Grapes Do Better For Producing Ice Wine, the Thicker the Skin the Longer the Grape Can Stay On the Vine Without Rotting.
    • CHALLENGE– If Weather Doesn’t Freeze Fast Enough Grapes Rot and There’s a Chance For a Lost Harvest. Grapes Shouldn’t Be Effected by Botrytis Prior to Freezing, Only Healthy Grapes Stand Up to Freezing Temperatures.
    • In Late Fall Nets Have to Be Placed Over Vine For Protection of Birds, Boars and Deer.
    • VINICULTURE- Grapes Are Over Ripe, Late Harvest and Raisining When Freezing Starts.
      • Canada Requires Temperature at 17.6° or Lower For at Least 3 Days.  Before the Harvest of Frozen Grapes an Inspector Has to Access the Grapes For Approval.
      • **Refer to “WINE STYLES/ Ice Wine” For Additional Information.
  • HISTORY- NATIVE AMERICAN~ ~Iroquois~ Native Americans Inhabited the Area Before Colonization.
  • CULTURE- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Finger Lakes Wine Alliance~
    • PIONEERS~ ~Dr. Frank Konstantin~
      • “Ukrainian Viticulturist” Who In 1950’s Championed Growing Vitis Vinifera In New York/ Cold Weather.
  • GOING THERE-
    • Top Finger Lakes Experiences
      • 1)Konstaintin Frank   2)Hermann J Wiemer   3)Forge   4)Ravines   5)Heron Hill
    • FESTIVALS~ ~Saperavi Festival~ (May/ Keuka Lake, Finger Lakes)
    • FESTIVALS~ ~Finger Lakes Wine Festival~ (July)
    • WINNER “Worlds Best”~ DtheV.com Awards “Best American AVA.” (3rd. Place)
      • **Refer to “WINE CULTURE/ Derek’s Top 6 List” For Detailed Information.
  • CONESUS LAKE–     @Conesus
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(North–West), @Hw.#15
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
    • VITICULTURE-
      • Estates/ Producers- Deer Run
  • HEMLOCK LAKE–     @Livonia
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(North–West), @Hw.#15A
      • COUNTIES-Livingston, Ontario
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
  • HONEYE  LAKE–     @Honeye
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(North–West), @Hw.#20A
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
  • CANANDAIGUA LAKE–     @Canandaigua
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(West), @Hw.#21
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
      • LAKE EFFECT/ Canandaigua, 300 ft./ Deep
    • VITICULTURE-
      • Estates/ Producers- Arbor Hill, Casa Larga, Hazlitt’s Red Cat, Heron Hill, Inspire More, Onspire Moore, Raymond, Finger Lakes Wine Center
    • CULTURE-  FESTIVALS~ ~Naples Grape Festival~ (September)
      • ~Etymology~ Canadaigua Meaning “The Chosen Spot” In Iroquois/ Native American.
  • KEUKA LAKE–        @Branchport, Hammondsport, Penn Yann
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(South-Central), @Hw.#54
      • CITIES-Branchport, Hammondsport, Penn Yan
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
      • LAKE EFFECT/ Keuka Lake, (19 Miles Long & 2 Miles Wide & 190 ft./ Deep)
    • VITICULTURE-
      • Estates/ Producers- Barrington, Bully Hill, Dr. Konstantin Frank(E.), Heron Hill, Hunt County, Keuka Lake, Keuka Springs, LeSeurre, McGregor, Point of Bluff, Stever Hill, Vineyard View, Weis
      • Vineyards- Argetsinger, Falling Man, Ingle
    • CULTURE- ~Etymology~ Keuka Meaning “Canoe Landing” In Iroquois/ Native American.
      • ACADEMICS~ ~New York Wine & Culinary Center~   @Canandaigua, Finger Lakes
    • GOING THERE- WINE TRAIL– ~Keuka Lake~
      • FESTIVALS~ ~Saperavi Festival~ (May/ Keuka Lake, Finger Lakes)
  • SENECA LAKE AVA.     @Watkins Glen
    • WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Gewurtztraminer, Grüner Veltliner, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Sauvignon Blanc
    • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Lagrein, Lemberger, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Teroldego
      • –Native– Catawba, Concord, Niagara
      • –Hybrids– Baco Noir, Chancellor, Chambourcin, DeChanac, Frontenac, Iona, Leon Millot, Marechal Foch,  Noiret, Rougean
    • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(North), @Hw.#14/ #414
      • In Finger Lakes AVA.(Central), (38 Miles Long & 3 Miles Wide), LATITUDE: 42.38° ‘N’
      • CITIES-Dresden, Dundee, Hector, Geneva, Himrod, Lodi, Watkins Glen
      • Sub-Zones- West Lake, East Lake
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”, +Alt.699 ft.– 1,003 ft.
    • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Glacial Moraine, Sandy Loam, Shale
    • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, +Humidity
      • LAKE EFFECT/ Seneca, 618 ft./ Deep/ Bottom Below Sea Level.
      • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |   *Winter– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
    • VITICULTURE-  3,700 ac. Planted
      • Estates/ Producers- Anthony Road, Atwater, Bagley’s Poplar Ridge, Barnstormer, Barry Family, Belhurst, Billsboro, Bloomer Creek, Castel Grisch, Caywood, Element(17ac.), Forge, Fox Run(55ac.), Fulkerson, Glenora, Hermann J. Wiemer(E./90ac.), Lacey MaGruder, Lakewood(70ac.), Lamoreaux Landing, Leidenfrost, Miles, Nathan K, Popous Ass, Prejean, Ravines Wine, Red Newt, Rock Stream, Seneca Shore, Shaw, Standing Stone, Terrassen, Toast, Trestle Thiry One, Wagner(E./250ac.), White Springs, Zugibe(23ac.)
      • Vineyards- Bellows, Breakneck Creek, Caywood(*1975), Freese, Gibson, HJW, Josef, Kaiser, Kashong Glen, Leidenfrost, Magdalena, Navone, Peach Orchard, Railroad(*1995), Tango Oaks, Wagner Caywood East, Willow
    • CULTURE-  2003- AVA. Officially Established.
      • ACADEME~ ~Cornell University~ Specialization~ Grape Research Facilities.
      • ~Etymology~ Seneca Meaning “Place of Stone” In Iroquois/ Native American.
    • GOING THERE- WINE TRAILS~ ~Seneca Lake~
      • NON-WINE~ ~Watkin Glen State Park~ Hike Through the Gorges and Picnic.
  • CAYUGA LAKE AVA.     @Ithaca
    • WHITE= Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Resiling, Viognier
    • RED= Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Lemberger, Pinot Noir, Zweigelt
    • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York, @Hw.#89/ #90
      • In Finger Lakes AVA.(East-Central), (40 Miles Long & 3.5 Miles Wide), LATITUDE: 42.44° ‘N’
      • CITIES-Aurora, Cayuga, Interlaken, Ithaca, Kings Ferry, Seneca Falls, Trumansburg, Union Springs
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
    • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, +Humidity
      • LAKE EFFECT/ Cayuga, 435 t./ Deep/ Bottom Below Sea Level.
      • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |    *Winter– Low Temperature,  Spring Freeze
    • VITICULTURE- 460 ac. Planted
      • Estates/ Producers- Bet the Farm, Bright Leaf, Buttonwood, Cayuga Ridge, Goose Watch, Hosmer(E./70ac.), King Ferry(27ac.), Knapp, Lakeshore, Lucas, Montezuma, Sheldrake Point, Six Eighty, Six Mile Creek, Swedish Hill
      • Vineyards- Sunrise Hill
    • CULTURE- ~Etymology~ Named After the Native American Tribe/ Cayuga Meaning “Boat Landing” In Iroquois
    • GOING THERE- WINE TRAIL– ~Cayuga Lake Wine Trail~
  • OWASCA LAKE–     @Auburn
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(East), @Hw.#36
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
  • SKANEATELES LAKE–     @Skaneateles
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(East)
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
  • OTISCO LAKE–     @Marietta      
    • GEOGRAPHY- Finger Lakes AVA.(East), @Hw.#41
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”

CHAMPLAIN VALLEY AVA.     @Poughkeepsie

  • WHITE= Riesling         –Hybrid– La Crescent, St. Pepin
  • RED= Frontenac, Marquette
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(North-East)
    • North of New York-City(     km.), BORDERS-Vermont, LATITUDE: 41.7° ‘N’
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly/ Valley(Champlain)”
    • SLOPES/ Adirondacks Mountains, +Alt.?,  On~Lake~Champlain~
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”, +Humidity, LAKE EFFECT/ Champlain
    • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Vine Disease, Mold    |   *Winter– Cold, Wet, Spring Freeze
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Glacier Deposits, Shale, Schist, Slate, Limestone
  • VITICULTURE-  100 ac. Planted
  • VINICULTURE-
    • Estates/ Producers- Amazing Grace, Four Maples, Stone House, Vesco Ridge
  • GOING THERE- WINE TRAILS~ ~Adirondack Coast Wine Trail~

HUDSON RIVER AVA.     @Poughkeepsie

  • WHITE= Albarino, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Seyval Blanc, Noiret, Dechaunac
  • RED= Cabernet Franc
    • –Hybrid– Baco Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(South-East)
    • COUNTY-Dutchess, North of New York-City(60mi., LATITUDE: 40.42°‘N’
    • Sub-Zones- Hudson River West,  Hudson River East
  • TOPOGRAPHY- Features- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Hudson)”, SLOPES/ Shawangunk Mountains
    • On~Hudson~River~
    • Topographic Events- Hudson River Valley Was Carved Out by Glacier Activity.
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, +Humidity, RIVER EFFECT/ Hudson
    • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |   *Winter– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Glacier Moraine, Shale, Schist, Slate, Limestone
  • VITICULTURE-  235 ac. Planted
  • VINICULTURE-
    • Estates/ Producers- Applewood, Baldwin, Benmarl, Brimstone Hill, Brotherhood, Brunel & Rafael, Clearview, Clermont, Clinton(15ac.), Glorie Farm, Milea, Millbrook(30ac.), Robibero, Stoutridge, Tuthilltown, Warwich Valley, White Hill
    • Vineyards- Cedar Cliff
  • HISTORY- 1600’s @Hudson River– First Vines Planted by Dutch Settlers.
  • CULTURE- Brotherhood Winery…Oldest Continuously Operating Winery In America.
    • PIONEERS~ ~French Huguenots~ Immigrates Brought Wine Culture to the Area.
  • GOING THERE- WINE TRAILS~ ~Dutchess Wine Trail~   ~Shawangunk Wine Trail~

LONG ISLAND AVA.    @Long Island

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Fruilano, Gruner Veltliner, Gewurtztraminer, Melon de Bourgogne, Refosco, Sauvignon Blanc
    • –Hybrid– Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Blaufrankisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Petite Verdot
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East,  STATE-New York(       )
    • East of New York-City(74mi.),  LATITUDE: 40.78° ‘N’
    • “Multi-Appellation”, Sub-Zones/ AVA’s– North Fork AVA., Hamptons AVA., South Fork
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
    • Topographic Events– Different Areas of Long Island Were Formed During Glacial Periods by the Wisconsin Glacier.
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Alluvial, Coarse Sand, Gravel, Glacial Moraine(Ronkonkoma)
    • North Fork- Sandy, Well Drained Soils   |   South Fork- Deeper Heavier Soils
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, +Humidity
    • CHALLENGES– *Summer– Disease, Mold   |   *Winter– Low Temperature, Spring Freeze
  • VITICULTURE-  2,800 ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers-(Not Located In a Demarcated Sub-Zone)– Lenz
  • CULTURE-  ~Etymology~ AKA=Paumanok Amount the Native Americans.
    • ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Long Island Merlot Alliance~
      • Mission~ To Promote the Merlots Wines From Long Island as Well as the Island Itself.
    • PIONEERS~ ~Alex Hargraves~  1973 First to Plant Vineyards.
  • NORTH FORK Of LONG ISLAND AVA.     @Cutchogue
    • WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Gruner Veltliner, Melon de Bourgogne, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc
    • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir
    • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(         )
      • In Long Island AVA.(East), East of New York-City(     mi.), @Hw.#58
      • CITIES-Aquebogue, Cutchogue, Greenport, Southhold
      • Sub-Zones- Robins Island, Shelter Island
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Peconic~Bay/ Long Island~Sound~
    • VITICULTURE-   ? ac. Planted
      • Estates/ Producers- Bedell Cellars, Castello di Borghese, Croteaux, Jason’s, Macari, McCall, Palmer, Paumanok(50ac.), Pellegrini, Raphael, Rose Hill, Shinn, Sparkling Pointe
      • Vineyards- Croteaux“Estate”, Macari“Estate”, Rose Hill“Estate”, Sparkling Pointe“Estate”
    • HISTORY & CULTURE- 1960’s- First Commercial Vineyards Planted.
      • 1973- First Commercial Winery.
      • 1986- AVA. Officially Established.
  • HAMPTONS Of LONG ISLAND AVA.      @Bridgehampton
    • WHITE= Chardonnay, Friulano, Malvasia, Muscat Ottonel, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc
      • –Hybrid– Vidal Blanc
    • RED= Cabernet Franc 15%, Blaufrankisch, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dornfelder, Lagrein, Merlot, Syrah, Teroldego
    • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New York(         ), @Hw.#27
      • In Long Island AVA.(East)
    • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
      • On~Peconic~Bay/ Atlantic~Ocean~, On Southern Fork of River
    • VITICULTURE- ?  ac. Planted
      • Estates/ Producers- Channing Daughters(25ac.), Southold Cellars, Wolffer
    • CULTURE- FESTIVALS~ ~Bounty of the Hudson~ (July)

PENNSYLVANIA State     @Harrisburg

  • WHITE=   |  RED=  **Refer to “STATES” For Detailed Grape Information.
  • GEOGRAPHY– USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Pennsylvania, LATITUDE: 41.2° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s- Central Delaware Valley AVA., Cumberland Valley AVA., Landcaster Valley AVA., Lehigh Valley AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake Erie~
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”, *Summers– Hot, Humid   |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 308 (300 Bonded/ 8  Virtual) “As of 2020”, #6 State/ USA.
    • Estate/ Producers- Galer, Karamoor

LEHIGH VALLEY AVA.      @Bethlehem

  • WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Grüner Veltliner, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Chambourcin, Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Barbera, Cabernet Dorsa,  Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Concord(Indigenous), Lemberger, Merlot, Petite Syrah, Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Zweigelt
    • –Hybrid–
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Pennsylvania(South-East)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Lehigh)”
    • SLOPES/ Appalachian Ranges(North-East), +Alt. ?
    • On~Lehigh~River~Tributary~Delaware~River~
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Limestone, Moraine Deposits, Berks Shaly Loam
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,  *Summers– Hot, Humid   |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Blue Mountains, Chaddsford, Clover Hill, Galen Glen(19ac.),Paradocx(30ac.), Stony Run, Va La, Vynecrest

CENTRAL DELAWARE VALLEY AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Pennsylvania(South-East)
    • North of Philadelphia-City(    mi.)
    • (AVA. Laps)New Jersey **Refer to “NEW JERSEY” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley”, On~Delaware~River~
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,  *Summers– Hot, Humid   |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Briar Valley, Sand Castle

LANDCASTER VALLEY AVA.     @Landcaster

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Pinot Gri, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Catawba, Niagara, Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Merlot
    • –Hybrid– Chancellor
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Pennsylvania(South-East)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Landcaster)”, On~Susquehanna~River~
    • Depression Between Ridges of Appalachian Mountains/ Pocono Mountains
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Limestone, Moraine Gravel
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,   *Summers– Hot, Humid  |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE- 400 ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Cullari, Nissley, Waltz

CUMBERLAND VALLEY AVA.     @Harrisburg

  • WHITE=  ?
    • –Hybrid– Niagara, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Pennsylvania(South)
    • (AVA. Laps)Maryland **Refer to “MARYLAND” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Cumberland)”, SLOPES/ Appalachian Mountains
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,   *Summers– Hot, Humid   |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE- 100 ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers-

LAKE ERIE AVA.      @Erie

  • WHITE=    –Hybrid–
  • RED=     –Hybrid–
  • GEOGRAPHY– USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Pennsylvania(North-West)
    • (AVA. Laps)New York, (AVA. Laps)Ohio
      • **Refer to “THESE STATES” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Erie~
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence, +Late Effect/ ~Lake Erie~
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
  • VINICULTURE- Ice Wine,  Juice,  Eating Grapes
    • Estates/ Producers-

MARYLAND State     @Annapolis

  • WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Muscat(Canelli), Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Cardonnel, Niagara, Traminette, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cham, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Tannat
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Maryland, LATITUDE: 39° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s- Catoctin AVA., Cumberland Valley AVA., Linganore AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”
    • Topographic Sub-Zones- Western Mountains, Piedmont Plateau, Southern Plain, Eastern Shore
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,  *Summers– Hot, Humid   |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE- ? ac. Planted
    • Estate/ Producers-(Not Found In Demarcated AVA.)– Boordy, Old Westminster, Windridge
    • Vineyards- Long Green, Rocklands, Windridge“Estate”
  • VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 86 (81 Bonded/ 5  Virtual) “As of 2020”, #18 State/ USA.
  • GOING THERE- FESTIVALS~ ~Maryland Wine Festival~ (September)

CUMBERLAND VALLEY AVA.      @Hagerstown

  • WHITE=
    • –Hybrid– Niagara, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Maryland(North)
    • (AVA. Laps)Pennsylvania(South) **Refer to “PENNSYLVANIA” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Cumberland)”, SLOPES/ Appalachian Mountains
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,  *Summers– Hot, Humid   |    *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE- 100 ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Dodon

CATOCTIN AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Albarino, Muscat Canelli, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Barbera, Tannat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Maryland(North)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,   *Summers– Hot, Humid   |  *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers–

LINGANORE AVA.     @Frederich

  • WHITE= Chardonnay
    • –Hybrid– Cardonel, Traminette
  • RED= Cabernet Sauvignon
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Maryland(North-Interior)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, ON PLATEAU/ Piedmont
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”,  *Summers– Hot, Humid    |   *Winters– Cold, Rain
  • VITICULTURE-   ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers-

MASSACHUSETTS State     @Boston

  • WHITE=   |    RED=  **Refer to “STATES” For Detailed Grape Information.
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Massachusetts, LATITUDE: 42.4° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s- Martha’s Vineyard AVA., South-Eastern New England AVA., West Connecticut Highlands AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influences
  • VINICULTURE-  Numbers of Wineries- 61 (59 Bonded/ 3  Virtual) “As of 2020”, #27 State/ USA.

SOUTHEASTERN NEW ENGLAND AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gri, Riesling,
    • –Hybrid– Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc, Vignoles
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Lemberger, Merlot, Pinot Noir
    • –Hybrid– Baco Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Massachusetts(         )
    • (AVA. Laps)Connecticut, (AVA. Laps)Rhode Island
      • **Refer to “THESE STATES” For Additional AVA. Information.
    • Sub-Zone/ AVA’s– Martha’s Vineyard AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influences
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Coastal Vineyards, Running Brook, Westport Rivers

MARTHA’S VINEYARD AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Viognier
  • RED= Merlot, Pinot Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Massachusetts(         )
    • COUNTY-Dukes, In Southeastern New England AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
    • On~Martha’s Vineyard/ Chappaquiddick~Island~, In~Nantucket/ Vineyard~Sound~
  • CLIMATE- “Maritime”, Influenced by Warm Gulf Stream Water
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted,  1985- AVA. Officially Established
    • Estates/ Producers-
  • CULTURE- FESTIVALS~ ~Martha’s Vineyard Wine Festival~ (May)

CONNECTICUT State     @Hartford

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Dornfelder, Gamay, Merlot, Pinot Noir 
    • –Hybrids–
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Connecticut, LATITUDE: 41.6° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s- Eastern Connecticut Highlands AVA., South-Eastern New England AVA., Western Connecticut Highlands AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE- 
    • Estate/ Producers-

WESTERN CONNECTICUT HIGHLANDS AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Chardonnay
    • –Hybrid– Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Connecticut(North-West)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”, SLOPES/ Appalachian Mountains(Litchfield Hills), +Alt.?
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, Glacial Schist, Gneiss, Granite
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE- ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Haight-Brown, Hopkins, Sunset Meadow

EASTERN CONNECTICUT HIGHLANDS AVA.     @

  • WHITE= Chardonnay, Riesling
    • –Hybrid– Traminette, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Baco Noir, Cabernet Franc, Dornfelder, Gamay, Merlot
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Connecticut( )
    • COUNTIES-Harford, Middlesex, New Haven, New London, Tolland, Windham
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, SLOPES/  +Alt. 200ft. 1,000ft.
  • SOILS- “Metamorphic”, Glacial Schist
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE- ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers- Arrigoni, Arrow Head, Bergendahl, Lebanon Green, Preston Ridge, Sharp Hill
    • Vineyards- Sharp Hill“Estate”

SOUTHEASTERN NEW ENGLAND AVA.     @

  • WHITE=
    • –Hybrid–
  • RED=
    • –Hybrid–
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Connecticut(South-East)
    • (AVA. Laps)Massachusetts, (AVA. Laps)Rhode Island
      • **Refer to “THESE STATES” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influences
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers-

ROAD ISLAND State     @Providence

  • WHITE=  ?  –Hybrids–
  • RED=    ?   –Hybrids–
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Road Island, LATITUDE: 41.58° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s- South-Eastern New England AVA.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE- 
    • Estate/ Producers-

SOUTHEASTERN NEW ENGLAND AVA.     @

  • WHITE=
    • –Hybrid–
  • RED=
    • –Hybrid–
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Road Island(South-East)
    • (AVA. Laps)Massachusetts, (AVA. Laps)Connecticut
      • **Refer to “THESE STATES” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influences
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers-

NEW JERSEY State     @Trenton

  • WHITE=   |   RED=  **Refer to “STATES” For Detailed Grape Information.
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New Jersey, LATITUDE: 40° ‘N’
    • Sub-Zones/ AVA.’s- Central Delaware Valley AVA., Outer Coastal Plain AVA. Warren Hills AVA.
    • BORDERS-New York(North), Pennsylvania(West)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influence
  • VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 67  (62 Bonded/ 5  Virtual) “As of 2020”, #24 State/ USA.
  • CULTURE- “Archeology  & Wine” ~Centuries Old Madeira~
    • Found Behind a Demolished Wall of Kean University/ Liberty Hall Museum In New Jersey. 3 Sealed Cases From as Far Back as 1796 and Early 1800’s.

CENTRAL DELAWARE VALLEY AVA.     @

  • WHITE= ?
  • RED= Syrah
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New Jersey(West)
    • (AVA. Laps)Pennsylvania(South-East) **Refer to “PENNSYLVANIA” For Additional AVA. Information.
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers–

WARREN HILLS AVA.      @

  • WHITE= Chardonnay
    • –Hybrid– Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Pinot Noir
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New Jersey(West)
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”, SLOPES/ Appalachian Mountains(North), +Alt. ?
    • On~Tributaries~Delaware~River~
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE- 100 ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers– Alba, Brook Hollow, Four Sisters, Vacchiano Farm, Willa Milagro

OUTER COASTAL PLAIN AVA.     @

  • WHITE= ?
  • RED= Syrah
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-New Jersey(South-East)
    • COUNTIES-Atlantic, Cap May, Cumberland, Ocean
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental”
  • VITICULTURE-  ? ac. Planted
    • Estates/ Producers–

 

Other Atlantic North-West United States Not Demystified

MAINE State     @Augusta

  • WHITE= Frontenac Blanc, Frontenac Gris    RED= Marquette, Petit Peral
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Maine, LATITUDE: 43.4° ‘N’
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influences
  • VITICULTURE-
  • VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 33 (33 Bonded/ 0  Virtual) “As of 2020”, #34 State/ USA.
    • Estate/ Producers- Cellardoor, Oyster River Winegrowers

VERMONT State     @Montpelier

  • WHITE=     La Crescent, Vidal Blanc
  • RED= Traminette
  • GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-Atlantic North-East, STATE-Vermont, LATITUDE: 44.55° ‘N’
  • TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
  • CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Maritime” Influences
  • VITICULTURE-
  • VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- ? () “As of 2020”, #? State/ USA.
    • Estate/ Producers- Ellison, Kalche Wine(Co.-Op.), Meach Cove, Shelburne(22ac.)

**Refer to “BIBLIOGRAPHY/ Sources” For Details On Scholarly Works Referenced.