🇨🇱CHILE
CHILE IS– Regions- 6 DO.- 25 @Santiago
- WHITE= Sauvignon Blanc 12%, Chardonnay 9%, Chasselas, Chenin Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Lacrima Cristi, Marsanne, Moscato, Muscat(Alexandria), Pedro Gimenez, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignonasse AKA=Friulano, Sauvignon Vert, Semillon, Torontel, Torrontes, Verdejo, Viognier
- RED= Cabernet Sauvignon 20%, Merlot 10%, Alicante Bouschet, Barbera, Carignan AKA=Mazuelo, Carmenere, Cinsault AKA=Cargadora, Garnacha, Marselan, Merlot, Monastrell, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Pais AKA=Listan Prieto, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Petit Sirah AKA=Durif, Romano AKA=Cesar, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Touriga Nacional, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY– HEMISPHERE-Southern, REGION-South America, COUNTRY-Chile
- BORDERS-Peru(North), Pacific Ocean(West), Argentina(East)/ Andes Mountains Range(+Alt. 6,000mt.), Cordillera del Paine/ Fjords/ Glaciers(South), LATITUDE: 53°- 17° ‘S’
- Sub-Zones- (North to South)
- Norte Grande, Norte Chico, Zona Central, Zona Sur, Zona Austral
- **Refer to “THESE SUB-ZONES” For Detailed Information On Chile.
- Sub-Zones- (West to East)
- Costa– Coastal Strip(4,300km. Long & 350km. Wide)
- Entre Cordillera– Intermediate Depression
- Andes– Mountains
TOPOGRAPHY– FEATURES- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly/ Mountainous”
- SLOPES/ Coastal Mountain Range(West), +Alt. 900mt.
- Andes Mountains(East), +Alt. to 3,100mt.
- ON PLATEAU/ 1,000km. Long
- TOPOGRAPHIC EVENTS– –Chile– Shaped by Chile’s Geographically Located In a Subduction Zone Cause by the South American Plate and Nazca Plate. This Causes Chile’s Topographic Features: The Andes Mountain(Volcanic Arc and Part of “Ring of Fire”, Intermediate Depression(Chilean Central Valley), Graben, Foreland Basin, Coastal Range and Peru-Chile Trench(Off Coast).
- VOLCANISM~
- Cordillera de los Andes- Earths Longes, Mountain Chain Running 7,000km. From Venezuela To Teirra del Fuego Down the Western Edge of South America.
- Andean Volcanic Belt- Includes Chile and Its 400 Volcanoes
- Southern Volcanic Zone- Most Active Segment of Andean Belt
- San Jose Volcanic Group- Group of Volcanos Along the Chile/ Argentina Border…Includes: Espirtu Santo, Maipo, Ojos Del Salado(6,893 mt.,), San Jose, Payun Matru, Planchon-Peteroa, Tupungatito, Tupungato
- Southern Chile- Lonquimay, Nevada’s de Chillan, Villarrica
- Cordillera de los Andes- Earths Longes, Mountain Chain Running 7,000km. From Venezuela To Teirra del Fuego Down the Western Edge of South America.
SOILS– “Metamorphic”, “Volcanic”, “Sedimentary”
- Basalt/ Andesite, “Sedimentary”, Granite, Schist, Slate, Clays
- **Refer to “CHILE/ Sub-Chapters” For Detailed Information On Soils
- **Refer to “TERROIR/ Geology & Soil” For Detailed Information On Soils
CLIMATE– “Desert”, “Mediterranean”, “Maritime”
- *Summers– Warm, Dry | *Winters– Cool, Wet, +Diurnal Shifts( °)
- Chilean Climate is Based On the Confluence of Western Coastal Influence and Eastern Elevation. Think of the Grape Growing Areas of Chile Between 2 Refrigerators…The Cold Pacific Ocean With Its Humboldt Current In the West and the Andes Mountain Range to the East.
- +RAIN SHADOW/ ~Coastal Range~, ~Andes Mountains~
- +GAPS– From Many Rivers Flow From Andes Break Through Coastal Range Moderated by Air-Flow Down From Andes and Air-Flow In From Pacific.
VITICULTURE– 137,000 ha. Planted, (White 29%/ Red 71%)
- Chile is- 8th. In Wine Consumption/ 5th. In Grape Production In the World.
- CHALLENGES– ~Irrigation From Andes~ Made Possible In Early 1900’s by System of Rivers, Tributaries, Channels
- ~Obtaining Water~ In Certain Regions Water/ Snow Melt From Andes Mountains is Carried by Various Rivers to the Vineyards Below That Can Be Diverted Off In Channels and Canals and Used for Irrigation.
- ~Aspect~ Vineyards Face North, Rather Than South In the Northern Hemisphere.
- +WINDS/~Zonda~– During Fruit-Set is an Issue
- ADVANTAGES– ~Geographical Isolation~
- As a Result They Don’t Rely On Pesticide and Herbicides to Produce Healthy Fruit.
- Absence of Most Pest & Disease That Plague A Lot of the Wine World.
- Phylloxera Free -90% Vines Original Root Stock, Old-Vines/ +100 yr.
- Humboldt Antarctic Current Influences Coastal Areas.
- Hybrid Grapes Prohibited.
VINICULTURE– +11.5% ABV., Reserva(+12% ABV.), Gran Reserva(+12.5 ABV.)
- 75% Percentage of Grapes Required to Be Labeled Single Varietal Wine.
- Wines Must Ve Products of Fermentation of Fresh Must Obtained From Vitis Vinifera Grapes.
- SUSTAINABILITY– Chile as a Country is Committed to Protecting its Environment, and Has Taking a Leading Role In Its Country’s and the World’s Sustainability. Chile Has Developed and Sponsored the Development of a National Sustainability Code That Establishes Definitions and Guidelines for Environmental and Social Responsibility. Wineries That Meet the Rigorous Standards are Officially Labeled With “Accredited Sustainable-Wine of Chile” Seals On Their Bottles.
- CHILEAN PISCO– Elqui Valley 2013 100 Million Liters Produced.
- PRODUCERS- ABA(Elqui Valley), El Gobernador, Wagar
- VINICULTURE-
- WHITE= Muscatel AKA=Muscat Alexandria, Moscatel Rosado, Mosacatel Austria AKA=Torrontes Sanjuanino, Pedro Jimenez, Torontel AKA=Moscatel Amarillo
- +DISTILLED/ Copper Stills, Never Diluted, Bottled Immediately
- Corriente o Tradicional – 30%-35% ABV.
- Especial– 35%-40% ABV.
- Reservado– 40%-43% ABV. Grand– 43% ABV.
- CULTURE- 400 Year Battle Over who Originated Pisco…Chile vs. Peru
- DRINKS…
- Pisco Sour(Chilean)- Pisco(50 ml., Freshly Squeezed Lime Juice(25 ml.), Sugar Syrup(12.5 ml.), Bitters(3 Drops)…Served In a Tumbler Or Coupe
- Alternitives… Pisco Punch- Pineapple Syrup, Lime Juice.
- Pisco Tonic-
- PAIRING… Ceviche | CHEESE…
- CONTENTIOUS WINE DISPUTES! “Who Gets Credit For Originally Producing Pisco?”
- “Pero and Chile Have Had a Long Dispute to Who Originally Started Producing Pisco First. Both Counties Claim Pisco as Their Own. The Pisco Sour Drink Origins Are a Cocktail That Was First Made In America”
HISTORY– 400 Year Wine Culture
- 1554 @Chile– First Plantings by Spanish Missionaries & Conquistador Juan Jufre
- 1850 @Santiago– Vina Ochagavia, Chile’s First Commercial Winery
- 1900 @Chile– Got “Discovered” In Europe In Late 1900 During Phylloxera
- 1939 @Santiago– January 24 th., Magnitude 8.3 Earthquake/ 50,000 People Die
- 1978 @Chile– Torres “Modern Movement” Modernized Industry
- 1994 @Chile– Jean-Michel Boursiquot Identified Merlot as Carmenere In Chile.
- 2004 @Berlin– The Berlin Tasting
- 2014 @Santiago– February 27th., Magnitude 8.8 Earthquake
- FOUNDING WINERIES
- 1850 Vina Ochagavia 1856 Cousino Macul
- 1865 Vina San Pedro 1870 Vina Errazuriz
- 1875 Santa Carolina 1880 Santa Rita
- 1883 Concha y Toro 1885 Undurraga
CULTURE
- PIONEERS~ ~Huaso/ Chilean Cowboy~ “Chile’, Countrymen, Horsemen
- ~Ochagavia, Silvestra~ “Chile”, 1850,Started Vina Ochagavia In Santiago
- ~Montes, Aurelio~ “Chile”, Godfather of Chilean Wine, Quality Viniculturist
- ~Espinoza, Alvaro~ “Chile”, Leader of Chilean Biodynamic Movement
- ~Errazuriz, Maximiano~”Chile”, 1870, Founded Errazuriz Winery
- ~Macul, Cousino~ 1856- Planted Oldest Vineyard In Chile, With Cuttings From Bordeaux and Burgundy
- ~Parra, Pedro~ Wine Consultant/ Soil Expert/ Masters Degree In Precision Agriculture
- ~Valdivieso, Alberto~ “Chile”, 1879, Introduced Sparkling In Chile
- ~Melchor, Don~ “Chile”, Started Concha y Toro Winery, Chile’s Largest Producer
- GASTRONOMY… Spanish Influenced, Fish, Crustaceans, Mollusks
- CHEESE… Chanco(Maule), Panquehue(Aconcagua), Quesillo(Cochabamba)
- CHEESE… Chanco(Maule), Panquehue(Aconcagua), Quesillo(Cochabamba)
- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes~ MOVI.
- Mission~ Organization of Small, Quality-Oriented Produces to Promote Their Wines.
- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Wines of Chile~
- Mission~ Non-Profit Entity Represents the Viticulture Producers of Chile. To Promote Chilean Wine In a National and International Environment to Encourage Research and Development In New Technologies, to Promote the Development of Workers In the Industry.
- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~National Sustainability Code of the Chilean Wine Industry~ (Chile)
- EVENTS~ ~The Berlin Tasting~
- Blind Wine Tasting Which Took Place In 2004 In Berlin, Germany Judged by 36 of Europe’s Most Highly Regarded Wine Experts.
- #1 -Vinedo Chadwick- 2000 #2 Sena- 2001
- #3 Chateau Latour 2000 #4 Lafita-Rothschild 2000
- #5 Chateau Margaux 2000
- Blind Wine Tasting Which Took Place In 2004 In Berlin, Germany Judged by 36 of Europe’s Most Highly Regarded Wine Experts.
- CHILE WINE LAW
- GOVERNING BODY- National Institute of Viticulture/ Instituto Nacional Vitiviniculture
- LAWS GOVERNING- Since 1995, Geographic Boundaries, Topography
- Label Requirement– – Region+75%, Vintage+75%, Varietal+75%
- GOVERNING BODY- National Institute of Viticulture/ Instituto Nacional Vitiviniculture
- CHILE WINE CLASSIFICATION
- Regions- 6
- Sub-Regions- 17
- Zones-
- Area-
- GEOGRAPHIC DISCLAIMER~ “To Understand the Wine World and Benefit From DtheV.com a Understanding of Southern Hemisphere’s Geography is Needed and the Ability to Visualize Its Wine Regions Topography. Southern Hemisphere is Organized In a North to South / East to West Orientation and Intended to Be Researched as So.”
- SUB-CHAPTERS Of CHILE
- North
- Aconcagua
- South
- **Refer to These Proceeding Sub-Chapters For Detailed Information.
**Refer to “BIBLIOGRAPHY/ Sources” For Details On Scholarly Works Referenced.