USA.-South-West Wine - Demystifying "The Vine"

USA.–South-West

SOUTH-WEST IS– States– 4 @Dallas, Denver, Phoenix

WHITE= | RED= **Refer to “STATES” For Detailed Grape Varietal Information.

GEOGRAPHY– USA., REGION-South-West

STATES-Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas
BORDERS-West Region(West), Mexico(South), Central United States(East)

TOPOGRAPHY– Features- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly/ Mountainous”

SLOPES/ Rocky Mountains, +Alt. 3,000ft.- 6,416ft.

SOILS– “Metamorphic”, “Volcanic”, “Sedimentary”

CLIMATE– “Continental”

VITICULTURE– CHALLENGES– Heat, Drought, Animals

VINICULTURE–

While Producing Wine From Estate Grown Grape, South-West United States Has a History of Sourcing Grapes From California, Oregon and Washington and Shipping the Harvest by Refrigerated Freight to Produce Out of State Wine.

GEOGRAPHIC DISCLAIMER~ “To Understand the Wine World and Benefit From DtheV.com an Comprehension of the South-West United States Geography is Needed and the Ability to Visualize Its Topography. DtheV.com isOrganized In a North to South / East to West Orientation and Intended to Be Researched as So.”

COLORADO State @Denver

WHITE= Albarino, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Gewurtztraminer, Grüner Veltliner, Muscat(Orange), Muscat(Ottonel), Pinot Gris, Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Viognier
- –Hybrids– Aromella, St. Vincent, Verona
RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Doletto, Graciano, Lemberger, Malbec, Merlot, Mourvèdre, Muscat(Black), Nebbiolo, Petit Verdot, Sangiovese, Sousao, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego
- –Hybrids– Chambourcin(T.)
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Colorado, LATITUDE: 39.5° ‘N’
- BORDERS-Utah(West), New Mexico(South)
- Sub-Zones/ AVA’s- Grand Valley AVA., West Elks AVA.
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly/ Mountainous”
- SLOPES/ Rocky Mountains/ Front Range, +Alt. 4,000ft.- 6,416ft.
- On~Gunnison~River~Tributary~Colorado~River~
VITICULTURE- 450 ac. Planted
VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 150 (145 Bonded/ 5 Virtual) “As of 2020”, #12 State/ USA.
- Estates/ Producers-(Not Located In Demarcated AVA.)– Aspen Peak, Balistreri, Boulder Creek, Colorado Cellars, The Winery at Holy Cross Abbey
CLIMATE- “Continental”, *Summers– Short Growing Season
- **Refer to “CLIMATE/ Altitudes” For Detailed Information.
CULTURE- Colorado Has History and Culture of Smaller “Mom & Pop” Wineries.
- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Colorado Association For Viticulture & Enology (CAVE.)~
  - Mission~ Promotes the Interest of Colorado Grape Growers and Wineries In legislative and Political Matters, Provides a Forum For the Exchange of Ideas, and Disseminates Current Information Pertaining to Optimum Winemaking and Agriculture Practices For Vineyard In the Area.

GRAND VALLEY AVA. @Grand Junction

WHITE= Albarino, Aromella, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Gewurtztraminer, Grüner Veltliner, Muscat(Orange), Muscat(Ottonel), Pinot Gris, Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Viognier
RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Doletto, Graciano, Lemberger, Malbec, Merlot, Mourvèdre, Muscat(Black), Nebbiolo, Petit Verdot, Sangiovese, Sousao, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Colorado(West), LATITUDE: 39.06° ‘N’
- COUNTY-Mesa, South-West of Denver(190mi.), @Hw.#70
TOPOGRAPHY- “Rolling/ Hilly/ Valley(Grand)”
- SLOPES/ Rocky Mountains/ Western Slope/ Front Range, +Alt. 4,000ft.- 5,000ft.
- ON PLAIN/ Western High Plain, On~Gunnison~River~Tributary~Colorado~River~
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, Sandy
CLIMATE- “Continental”, With “Desert” Influence
- *Summers– Warm/ Dry | *Winters– Cold/ Wet, Snow
VITICULTURE- 75,990 ac./ 600 ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers- BookCliff(E./37ac.), Canyon Wild, Carboy, Carlson, Colterris(80ac.), Infinite Monkey, Mesa Park, Peachfork, Plum Creek, Red Fox, Snowy Peaks, Storm Cellar, Two Rivers, Vinnie Fera, Vino Salida, Whitewater
- Vineyards- BookCliff“Estate”, Deux Fleuves, Ferrante, Mesa Park“Estate”, Whitewater Hill“Estate”
CULTURE-
- FESTIVALS~ ~Colorado Mountain Winefest~ (September/ Grand Valley)
- FESTIVALS~ ~Vinco~ (January/ Grand Junction)
  - Mission~ Bringing Together Top Experts In Enology, Viticulture and Business to Grand Junction Each Year as Well as Networking.

WEST ELKS AVA. @Paonia

WHITE= Chardonnay, Gewurtztraminer, Grüner Veltliner, Muscat, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Roussanne, Viognier
RED= Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Merlot, Pinot Noir
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Colorado(West-Central), COUNTY-Delta
- CITIES-Delta, Hotchkiss, Paonia, @Hw.#92/ #133
TOPOGRAPHY- “Hilly/ Flat-Basin/ Valley(Gunnison)”
- SLOPES/ Rocky Mountains/ Western Slopes/ West Elks Mountains/ Front Range
  - +Alt. 5,000 ft.- 6,417 ft., On~North Fork~of the Gunnison~River~
  - ON PLAIN/ Western High Plain
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, Loam
CLIMATE- “Continental”, With “Desert” Influence
VITICULTURE- 48,405 ac./ ? ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers- 5,680 Vineyards, Alfred Eames, Azura, Black Ridge, Endless Endeavor, Mesa Winds, Qutori, Stone Cottage, Storm Cellar, Terror Creek, William
- Vineyards- Terror Creek“Estate”(2nd. Highest Vineyard In America 6,417 ft.)
CULTURE- GOING THERE… West Elks Wine Trail
- FESTIVALS… North Fork Uncorked

ARIZONA State

WHITE= | RED= **Refer to “AVA.’s” For Detailed Grape Varietal Information.
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Arizona, LATITUDE: 31°‘N’– 36°‘N’
- BORDERS-California(West), Mexico(South)
- Sub-Zones/ AVA’s- Sonoita AVA., Verde Valley AVA., Willcox AVA., Skull Valley
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilling”
CLIMATE- “Arid” With “Continental” Influences
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, “Volcanic”
VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 92 (77 Bonded/ 15 Virtual) “As of 2020”, #17 State/ USA.
- White Mountain, Arizona, Vineyard- Red Rock Ranch, +Alt. 6,100 ft./ 1,859 mt.
CULTURE-

VERDE VALLEY AVA. @Cornville

WHITE= Chardonnay, Malvasia(Bianca), Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Marsanne, Rousanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Traminette, Vermentino, Viognier
RED= Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Charbono, Malbec, Merlot, Mourvedre, Petite Sirah, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Toroldego, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Arizona(North), COUNTY-Yavapai
- North of Phoenix(100mi.), South-West of Sedona-City(10mi), @Hw.#260 & 89
- CITIES-Bridgeport, Camp Verde, Clarkdale, Cornville, Cottonwood, Jerome, Jordan, McGuirville, Wingfields
TOPOGRAPHY- “Rolling/ Hilly/ Basin/ Valley(Verde)”, On~Oak~Creek~Tributary~Verde~River~
- SLOPES/ Mingus Mountains, +Alt. 3,000ft.- 5,210ft.
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, “Volcanic”, Alluvial, Sandy Loam, Gravel, Limestone, Standstone
- Anceint Lake Bed
- Soil Series- Altar, Anthony, Arizo, Cornville, Cowan, House, Lynx, Lonti-Wineg, Mountain, Mule, Retriever
CLIMATE- “Desert” With “Continental” Influences, +Diurnal Shifts(+35° Variation)
VITICULTURE- 130,000 ac./ 150 ac. Planted
- CHALLANGES– Birds, Skunks, Javelina, Snow, Frost, Monsoon
HISTORY- 1800’s- Grapes Planted
- 2021- AVA. Officially Established
CULTURE- ACADEMIC~ ~Yavapai College~ Viticulture & Enology Degree
- FESTIVALS~ ~Verde Valley Wine Festival~ (May/ Cottonwood)
- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Verde Valley Wine Consortium~
  - Mission~ Assist In Creating, Nurturing and Advancing the Verde Valley as a Signicant and Important Wine Region, Locally, Regionally, Nationally and Internationally.
- ASSOCIATIONS~ ~Arizona Wine Growers~
  - Mission~ Strive to Advance With Integrity the Sustainable Growth and Production of Authentic Arizona Wine.
SUB-ZONES Of VERDE VALLEY
- JEROME–
  - Geography- Verde Valley(North-West)
  - Topography- “Hilly/ Mountainous/ Terraced”
    - SLOPES/ Cleopatra Hill, +Alt. 4,900 ft.- 5,210 ft.
  - Estate/ Producers- Cabal, Caduceus*(E./2.5), Four Eight, Original Jerome Winery, Passion
  - Vineyards-
- CLARKSDALE/ COTTONWOOD–
  - Geography- Verde Valley(North)
  - Estate/ Producers- Bodega Pierce, Cave Mesa, Southwest Wine Center, Tumbleweed
  - Vineyards- Southwest Wine Center(12ac.)
- CORNVILLE/ OAK CREEK–
  - Geography- Verde Valley(North-East)
  - Estate/ Producers- DA Ranch(E.), Javelina Leap*(E.), Oak Creek(E.), Page Springs*(E./13 ac.)
  - Vineyards- DA Ranch“Estate”, Dos Padres, Elephant, House Mountain, Javelina Leap“Eastate”(5 ac.), Oak Tree“Estate”
- NOT IN NAMED SUB-ZONE–
  - Estate/ Producers(Not In Named Sub-Zone)- Alcantara*, Burning Tree, Carlson Creek, Clear Creek, Echo Canyon, Heartwood Merkin, Oddity Wine Collective, Salt Mine, Tantrum, Winery 101
  - Vineyards– Alcantara“Estate”, Clear Creek“Estate”, Home, Salt Mine“Estate”

SONOITA AVA. @Sonoita

WHITE= Chardonnay, Malvasia(Bianco), Marsanne, Petit Manseng, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier
RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Garnacha, Graciano, Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vranac
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Arizona(South-East), COUNTY-Cochise
- South-East of Tucson-City(50mi.), @Hw.#83
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Basin”
- SLOPES/ Santa Rita/ Huachuca/ Whetstone Mountains, +Alt. 4,500ft.- 5,000ft.
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, Gravelly Loam
CLIMATE- “Desert” With “Continental” Influences
VITICULTURE- ? ac. Planted, CHALLENGES– Heat, Drought
- Estates/ Producers- Dos Cebezas, Callaghan(Kent), Flying Leap, Hannah’s Hill, Kief-Joshua, Lightning Ridge, Los Milics(20ac.), Rancho Rosso, Rune, Sonoita, Village of Elgin, Wilhelm
- Vineyards- Jenny’s

WILLCOX AVA. @Willcox

WHITE= Chardonnay, Malvasia(Bianco), Marsanne, Picpoul Blanc, Pinot Gri, Riesling, Rousanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Symphony, Vermentino, Viognier
RED= Aglianico, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha, Graciano, Malbec, Marselan, Merlot, Mourvèdre, Petit Verdot, Petite Sirah, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tempranillo
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Arizona(South), COUNTY-Cochise, Graham
- East of Tucson-City( 80mi.), @Hw.#10, CITIES-Bonita, Cochise, Pearce, Willcox
- Sub-Zones- Aravaipa Valley, Sulfur Springs Valley
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Bench/ Plateau(Willcox)”, On~Turkey~Creek~
- SLOPES/(Surrounding Hills) Chiricahua Foothills, Dos Cabezas, Dragoon, Little Dragoon, Pinalenos, Winechester, +Alt. 4,000ft.- 5,200ft.
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Volcanic”, Alluvial- Loam, Sand, Silt, Clay, Granite
- Soil Series- Forrest, Frye, Sonoita, Tubac
CLIMATE- “Desert” With “Continental” Influences
VITICULTURE- 526,000 ac./ 600 ac. Planted
- CHALLENGES– Frost, Humidity, Monsoon Rain, Powdery Mildew
VINICULTURE-
- Estates/ Producers- Aridus(E./28ac.), Bird & Barrels, Bodega Pierce, Carlson Creek, Coronado, Deep Sky, Fort Bowie, Golden Rule, Keeling Schaefer(21ac.), Lawrence Dunham, Merkin, Passion Cellars, Pierce, Pillbury, Rune, Sand-Reckoner, Strive, Zarpara
- Vineyards- Arizona Stronghold, Bonita Springs, Buhl/ Memorial, Carlson Creek“Estate”(80ac.), Colibri, Coronado“Estate”, Deep Sky“Estate”, Dragoon, Fort Bowie“Estate”, Golden Rule“Estate”, Keeling Schaefer“Estate”(21ac.), Pillsbury“Estate”, Rolling Hills, Rolling View, Sand-Reckoner, Zarpara“Estate”
HISTORY- 2016 AVA. Officially Established
CULTURE- FESTIVALS~ Willcox Wine (January/ Willcox)
- PIONEERS~ ~James Callahan~
- PIONEERS~ ~Al Buhl~ AKA=The Wine Monk

NEW MEXICO State

WHITE= | RED= **Refer to “AVA.’s” For Detailed Grape Varietal Information.
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-New Mexico, LATITUDE: 31°‘N’– 37° ‘N’
- BORDERS: Arizona(West), Texas(South-East)
- Sub-Zones/ AVA’s- Mesilla Valley AVA., Middle Rio Grande Valley AVA., Mimbres Valley AVA.
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly/ Valley(Melilla, Rio Grande, Mimbres)”
- SLOPES/ ?, +Alt. 5,000ft.
CLIMATE- “Arid” with “Continental” Influences
VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 55 (53 Bonded/ 2 Virtual) “As of 2020”, #29 State/ USA.
- Estates/ Producers-(Not Located In Demarcated AVA.)– Vara Vina Cardinal
- Vineyards-(Not Located In Demarcated AVA.)– Mission Ridge

MESILLA VALLEY AVA. @Dona Ana

WHITE= Chardonnay, Malvasia, Muscat(Alexandria), Riesling, Viognier
RED= Black Muscat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dolcetto, Merlot, Mourvedre, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-New Mexico( )
- COUNTY– ? (Laps)Texas
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Mesilla)”
- SLOPES/ Organ Mountains/ Franklin Mountains, +Alt. 3,250 ft., On~Rio~Grande~River~
CLIMATE- “Arid” With “Continental” Influences, *Summer– Hot, Dry
VITICULTURE- 280,000 ac./ 40 ac.Planted
- Estates/ Producers- La Vina Winery, St. Clair Winery
CULTURE- 1985- AVA. Offically Established.

MIDDLE RIO GRANDE VALLEY AVA. @Albuquerque

WHITE= Riesling
RED= Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-New Mexico(Central), COUNTY-Bernalillo
- Rio Grande Valley From Santa Fe to Belen.
TOPOGRAPHY- “Hilly”, SLOPES/ ?, +Alt. 4,000ft.- 6,500ft., On~Rio~Grande~River~
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Desert” Influence
- *Summers– Warm Days/ Cool Nights | *Winters– Sub-Freezing
VITICULTURE- 278,400 ac./ ? Planted
- Estates/ Producers- Acequia, Anasazi Fields, Camino Real, Casa Rondena, Corrales, Gruet(International/Gruet et Fils), Jaramillo, Milagro, Pasando Teimpo, Sheehan

MIMBRES VALLEY AVA. @Deming

WHITE= Chardonnay
RED= Cabernet Sauvignon, Dolcetto, Merlot, Refosco, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tempranillo
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-New Mexico(South-West), COUNTY-Grant
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Minbres)”, SLOPES/ ?, +Alt. 4.000ft.- 6,000ft.
- (Watershed) On~Mimbres~River~
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Desert” Influence
VITICULTURE- 2,000 ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers- La Chiripada, Les Combes(Sparkling), Luna Rossa, St. Clair

TEXAS State

WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Colombard, Gewurztraminer, Malvasia(Bianco), Muscat(Alexandria), Muscat(Canelli), Muscat(Giallo), Muscat(Orange), Marsanne, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano, Vermentino, Viognier
- –Hybrid– Lenoir AKA=Black Spanish
RED= Aglianico, Alicante Bouschet, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Carmenere, Cinsault, Dolcetto, Garnacha, Graciano, Malbec, Merlot, Muscat(Black), Montepulciano, Mourvèdre, Muscadine, Nebbiolo, Negroamaro, Nero d’Avolo, Pinot Noir, Petit Verdot, Petite Sirah, Primitivo, Ruby Cabernet, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Terlodego, Touriga Nacional, Zinfandel
- –Hybrid– Blanc du Bois
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas, LATITUDE: 31.9° ‘N’
- BORDERS-Mexico(South), New Mexico(West)
- Sub-Zone’s- High Plains & Panhandle(North-West), Hill Country(Central), North Texas(North-East), South-East Texas & Gulf Coast(South-East), West Texas(West)
- AVA.s- Bell Mountain AVA., Davis Mountain AVA., Escondido Valley AVA., Fredricksberg AVA,, High Plains AVA,, Hill Country AVA,, Mesilla Valley AVA., Texoma AVA.
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly/ Valley(Escondido, Mesilla)”, +Alt. 800ft.- 5,400ft.
- On~Gulf of Mexico~
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Arid/Desert” Influence, +Diurnal Shifts(30° Variations)
VITICULTURE- 6,000 ac. Planted, #5 State/ USA. In Wine Production.
- CHALLENGES- Hot, Dry, Drought
VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 406 (365 Bonded/ 41 Virtual) “As of 2020”, #5 State/ USA.
CULTURE- WINE SQUARES~ ~Grapevine Downtown Tasting Rooms~ Grapevine, Dallas
- FESTIVALS~ ~Dallas Wine & Food Festival~ (May)
  - ~Austin Wine~ (April/ Austin)

MESILLA VALLEY AVA. @Dona Ana

WHITE= Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Malvasia(Bianco), Muscat(Alexandria), Riesling, Viognier
RED= Black Muscat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dolcetto, Merlot, Mourvedre, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY– USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(West), (Laps)New Mexico
- COUNTY– ?,
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Mesilla)”
- SLOPES/ Organ Mountains, +Alt. 3,500ft., On~Rio~Grande~River~
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Arid/Desert” Influences, *Summers– Hot, Dry
VITICULTURE- 40 ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers- Hof, St. Clair Winery, La Vina Winery, Zin Valle
CULTURE- 1985- AVA. Officially Established

TEXAS DAVIS MOUNTAIN AVA. @

WHITE= Sauvignon Blanc
RED= Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(West), COUNTY-Jeff Davis
- Near Chihuahuan Desert & Davis Mountains
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Hilly”, SLOPES/ Davis Mountains, +Alt. 4,500ft.- 5,400ft.
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Volcanic” Granite, Loam, Limestone
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Arid/Desert” Influences, *Summer– Hot, Dry
VITICULTURE- 27,000 ac./ 80 ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers- Pleasant Hill, Wright
CULTURE- 1998- AVA. Officially Established.

ESCONDIDO VALLEY AVA. @Pecos

WHITE= Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Colombard
RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(West), COUNTY-Pecos
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling/ Valley(Escondido)”, ON PLATEAU/ Stockton, +Alt. 2,700 ft.
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary” Calcareous, Sandy Loam
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Arid/Desert” Influences, *Summers– Hot, Dry
VITICULTURE- 32,500 ac./ ? ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers- Genevieve Wines
CULTURE- AKA=Trans-Pecos

TEXAS HIGH PLAIN AVA. @Lubbock

WHITE= Albarino, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Malvasia, Muscat(Canelli), Muscat(Giallo), Marsanne, Roussanne, Trebbiano, Vermentino, Viognier
RED= Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Cinsaut, Dolcetto, Garnacha, Graciano, Merlot, Montepulciano, Mourvèdre, Petit Verdot, Primitivo, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Terlodego, Touriga Nacional
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(North-West), COUNTY– ?
- West of Lubbock-City( mi.), @Hw.#84/ #87
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, ON PLAIN/ High Plain, +Alt. 3,000 ft.- 4,000 ft.
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Arid/ Desert” Influence, +Diurnal Shifts(30°)
VITICULTURE- 5,000 ac. Planted, CHALLENGES- Hot, Drought
- Estates/ Producers- Austin Winery, Becker, Bending Branch, Brennan, Bent Oak, Cap Rock, Duchman, Eden Hill, English Newsom, Haak, Liano Estacado, Lost Draw, McPherson, Messina Hof, Pedernales Cellars, Pheasant Ridge(50ac.), Reddy, Ron Yates, Spicewood
- Vineyards- Bingham, Brennan, Canted County, Castano Prado, Diamante Doble Dos, Farmhouse, Lost Draw, Oswald, Reddy“Estate”, Signor, Spicewood, Valley Mills
CULTURE-
- PIONEERS~ ~Clinton “Doc” McPherson~ “High Plains” First to Plant Vineyards In Area.

TEXOMA AVA. @Texoma

WHITE= Chardonnay
RED= Cabernet Sauvigon, Merlot, Pinot Noir
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(North-Central), COUNTY-Sherman
- North of Dallas-City(50 mi.)
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, On~Lake~Texoma~/ On~Red~River~
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary” Alluvial, Silty Loam, Clay
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Arid/ Desert” Influences, +Diurnal Shifts(+35° Variations)
VITICULTURE- 334,004 ac./ 70 ac. Planted
- CHALLENGES/ Spring Frost
VINICULTURE-
- Estates/ Producers- Blue Ostrich

TEXAS HILL COUNTRY AVA. @Austin

WHITE= Albariño, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Moscato, Muscat(Canelli), Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Vermentino, Viognier
RED= Aglianico, Alicante Bouschet, Barbera, Black Spanish, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Montepulciano, Mourvèdre, Negroamaro, Petit Verdot, Petite Sirah, Primitivo, Ruby Cabernet, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Touriga Nacional, Tempranillo, Zinfandel
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(Central), COUNTY-Gillespie
- West of Austin-City(50 mi,), @Hw.#290
- CITIES-Austin, Driftwood, Dripping Springs, Fredericksburg, Johnson City, Stonewall
- Sub-Zones/ AVA.’S- Bell Mountain AVA., Fredericksburg AVA.
TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, ON PLATEAU/ Edwards, +Alt. 800 ft.- 2,800 ft.
- On~Colorado/Llano/ Pedernales~Rivers~
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Limestone, Granit, Sandy Loams
CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Sub-Tropical” Influences
- *Summers– Hot, Humid | *Winters– Wet, Cold
VITICULTURE- 9,000,000 ac./ 800 ac. Planted
- Estates/ Producers-(Not Located In Demarcated Sub AVA.)-Driftwood, High Valley, Flat Creek(20ac.), Mandola, Spicewood(28ac.), Spirit of Texas, Texas Hills, Wedding Cake, William Chris
- Vineyards- EB, Hulhken, Tio Pancho
CULTURE-
- FESTIVALS~ ~Hill County Wine Festival~ (April)
  - ~Grape-Fest~ (September)
  - ~Austin Wine Festival~ (May)
BELL MOUNTAIN AVA. @
- WHITE= Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Colombard, Riesling, Viognier
- RED= Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Syrah
- GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(Central), COUNTY-Gillespie
  - In Texas Hill Country AVA.(Central)
- TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”, SLOPES/ Bell Mountain(Llano Uplift), +Alt. 1,650ft.-1,950ft.
- SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, Granite, Sandy-Loam, Limestone Clay
- CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Sub-Tropical” Influences
  - *Summers– Hot, Humid | *Winters– Cold, Wet
- VITICULTURE- 3,200 ac./ ? ac. Planted
  - Estates/ Producers- Pedernales
- CULTURE- 1986- AVA. Officially Established.
FREDERICKSBURG AVA. @Fredericksburb
- WHITE= Chardonnay, Muscat(Canelli), Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier
- RED= Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha, Muscat(Black)
- GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Texas(Central), COUNTY-Gillespie
  - In Texas Hill Country AVA.(Central), @Hw.#290
- TOPOGRAPHY- “Flat/ Rolling”
- CLIMATE- “Continental” With “Sub-Tropical” Influences
  - *Summers– Hot, Humid, Dry | *Winters– Cold, Wet
- VITICULTURE- 60 ac. Planted
  - Estates/ Producers- Becker(Co.-Op.), Slate Theory, Southold, Torre di Pietra(80ac.), William Chris
  - Vineyards– Brenda Canada, Newsom
- CULTURE- 1988- AVA. Officially Established
  - PIONEERS~ ~German Immigrants~ First to Cultivate Vines in Mid 1800’s.
- GOING THERE- FESTIVALS~ ~Fredericksburg Wine Festival~ (October)

HAWAII State

WHITE= Chenin Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Viognier
RED= Grenache, Malbec, Syrah
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Hawaii, LATITUDE: 20° ‘N’
- AVA.’s- Ulupalakua AVA.(South-West)
TOPOGRAPHY- “Rolling/ Hilly/ Ravine/ Valley”
- SLOPES/ Mount Haleakala, +Alt. A,560 ft.- 1,850 ft.
CLIMATE- “Humid” , Weather Can Vary Year Round 50° to 85°
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, “Volcanic”
VINICULTURE- Numbers of Wineries- 1?

ULUPALAKUA AVA. @Cornville

WHITE= Chenin Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Viognier
RED= Grenache, Malbec, Syrah
GEOGRAPHY- USA., REGION-South-West, STATE-Hawaii, ISLAND-Maui
- COUNTY-Maui, LATITUDE: 20° ‘N’
- Sub-Zone- Benchlands
TOPOGRAPHY- “Rolling/ Hilly/ Ravine/ Valley”
- SLOPES/ Mount Haleakala, +Alt. A,560 ft.- 1,850 ft., +30in./Rain/ Year
SOILS- “Metamorphic”, “Sedimentary”, “Volcanic”, (From Haleakala Vocano)
CLIMATE- “Humid”
VITICULTURE- 70 ac./ 16 ac. Planted
- CHALLANGES– Humidity
VINICULTURE-
- Estate/Producers- Maui Wine
- Vineyards- Ulupalakua
HISTORY-
- 2021- AVA. Officially Established
CULTURE-
- ~Etymology~ Ulupalakua Meaning “Ripened Breadfruit”, Referring to Quality of Friut Grown In Area.

**Refer to “BIBLIOGRAPHY/ SOURCES” For Details On Scholarly Works Referenced