SOILS CLASSIFICATION–Igneous
VOLCANIC ROCK
VOLCANIC ROCK- Created Through the Cooling and Solidification of Molten/ Magma/ Lava Material From Deep Beneath the Surface and Traveling Through the Earths Crust. AKA=Igneous
GERERAL INFORMATION ON IGNEOUS ROCK
- ~Etymology~ Named After Volcanic the Roman God of Fire.
- General Types of Igneous Rock- Granite, Volcanic
- Properties- Volcanic Rock Contain Magnesium, Sodium, Calcium, Iron, Potassium.
- If Molten Forms Beneath the Earth Surface and Cools and Consolidates Slowly it Forms Large Coarsely Crystalized Rocks That You Can See With Your Eyes.
- Volcanic Rock is Considered Macro-Porosity. Pores Allow Rock to Store Up to 100% of Its Weight In Water and This High Water Retention Coefficient Allow it to Release It Gradually.
- Volcanic Soils(Pumice, Sand, Basalt, Hardened Lava) Account For 1% of the Worlds Surface.
- Primary Rock- Generic Term That Refers to Crystalline Rock Formed Early In Geologic Time. Primary Rock Contains No Organic Matter.
- Porphyry Rock- Generic Term For a Igneous Rock Consisting of Large-Grain Crystals Such as Feldspar or Quartz.
- Volcanic- Generic Term For Anything Associated With Igneous or Volcanic.
- Magma- Hot Fluid Material Within the Earth Crust/ Surface From Which Lava is Formed by Cooling.
- Lava/ Molten- Magma Generated Within the Earth and Expelled Through Fractures In the Crust or Eruption.
- Intrusive Rock- Igneous Rock Formed From Magma Cooled Beneath the Earth Surface.
- Extrusive Rock- Igneous Rock Formed From Rapidly Cooled Lavas Outside the Volcano, On Earths Surface…Basalt, Pumice, Rhyolite, Scoria, Tuff, Volcanic Ash.
- Felsic Igneous- Rock(Granite), Highest Content of Silicon, With Predominance of “Felsic Minerals”…Quartz, Alkali Feldspar.
- Mafic Igneous- Rock(Basalt, Gabbro), Lesser Content of Silicon, Predominance of “Mafic Minerals”…Pyroxenes, Olivines, Calcic Plagioclase.
- VINICULTURE- Volcanic Wines Are Considered to Possess Minerality, Spice, Slight Smokiness, +Acidity, Umani/ Savoriness, Earthiness.
- FESTIVALS~ ~International Volcanic Wine~ (June/ New York City)
- Mission~ Primary Purpose is to Establish a Volcanic Wine Movement and Provide Opportunities For Volcanic Wine Producers Around the World.
- **Refer to “TERROIR/ Volcanic Eruptions” For Additional Information On Igneous Soils.
TYPES Of IGNEOUS SOILS
- Ash– “Igneous”
- Qualities…Low Density, High Water Holding Capacity
- Geography- Mt. Etna, Sicily
- Basalt– “Igneous(Extrusive)”
- Qualities…Compacted Volcanic Ash, +Heat, High In Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, AKA=Aiken(When Weathered)
- Geography- Canary Islands, Columbia Valley, Dundee, Etna
- Diorite– “Igneous”
- Qualities…(Blue Volcanic Debris) Composed of Silicate minerals: Feldspar, Andesine, Biotite, Hornblende, Pryoxene)
- Geography- Cote de Brouilly, Beaujolais, France
- Gabbro– “Igneous”
- Geography- Muscatet, Loire Valley
- Qualities…Coarse, Result of Slow Cooling of Magma Inside a Volcano
- Geography- Muscatet, Loire Valley
- Granite– “Igneous(Intrusive)” @Beaujolais, Northern Rhone, Rais Baixas
- Qualities…+Heat, *Size/ Granular, Enriched With Potassium, Sodium, Crystals, Weathers Into Clay, Loess, Mica, Quartz
- All Granite Which Isn’t In Whole Form is Technically In a Decomposing State/ Process.
- Geography-
- Gneiss– “Igneous” @
- Qualities…Crystalline Rock Similar to Granite
- Geography-
- Lava– “Igneous” @Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy
- Qualities… General Term For Magma(Inside Earth) & Lava(Outside Earth)
- Geography-
- Jory– “Igneous” @Dundee Hills, Oregon
- Qualities… Formed In Colluvium Derived From Igneous Rocks.
- Geography-
- Obsidian– “Igneous” @Clear Lake, California
- Qualities…Natural Volcanic Glass Formed When Magna/ Lava High In Silica Cools Quickly Preventing Crystal Growth.
- Geography-
- Perlite– “Igneous” @Dundee Hills, Oregon
- Qualities…
- Geography-
- Porphyry– “Igneous” @Gattinara, Piemonte, Italy
- Qualities…Large Grained Crystal
- Geography-
- Pumice– “Igneous”
- Qualities…Pale Colored, Lava Formed From Frothy Lava & Gas.
- Geography- Santorini, Greece
- Rhyolite– “Igneous(Extrusive)” @
- Qualities…Molten With High Silica Content That Was Solidified Rapidly On the Earth Surface.
- Geography-
- Scoria– “Igneous” Weather-Called/ Sony Bay @Clear Lake, California
- Qualities…Glassy and Contain Gas Bubbles Frozen Into Place as Magma Exploded Into the Air and Then Cooled Quickly. AKA=Cinders
- Generally Basaltic or Andesitic In Composition.
- Geography-
- Tachylite– “Igneous” @Clear Lake, California
- Qualities…Form of Basaltic Volcanic Gas, Easily Decomposable.
- Geography-
- Tuffa– “Igneous(Extrusive)” @Montalcino, Tuscany, Italy
- Geography-
- Qualities…Rock Formed From Broken Up Lava Rock High In Rhyolite.
- Tephra– “Igneous” @Red Hills, California
- Qualities…Rock Fragment or Particle Ejected by a Volcanic Eruptions.
- Geography-
**Refer to “BIBLIOGRAPHY/ Sources” For Details On Scholarly Works Referenced.